Ever Wonder How Credit Cards Are Made? - Manufacturing Credit Cards: Materials And Processes

The credit card is made of many plastic layers, laminated together. The center is commonly made from a plastic resin known as polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA). This resin is then mixed with other materials, such as dyes and plasticizers to give it the appropriate look and feel.

A variety of inks or dyes, in various colors, are also used for printing credit cards. These inks and dyes are especially made for use on plastic. Special magnetic ink is also available to print the magnetic stripe (magstripe) on the rear side of the card. The inks are made by dispersing metal oxide particles in the appropriate solvents. Card issuers, such as VISA, which have their own holograms, use additional special printing processes which are involved for cards, like VISA, with featured holograms.

The manufacturing of the credit card takes place in the following steps:

1. Plastic compounding and molding: The plastic for the core sheet is made my melting PVCA with other materials. This molten mixture is put in the appropriate molding equipment, and is flattened to the right thickness by passing it through rollers. This sheet is then allowed to cool down.

2. Printing: Each card sheet is then printed with text as well as graphics. Silk screening and magnetic ink printing are the processes used. The magnetic strip can also be created using hot stamping. Magnetic heads are used to code and decode the iron particles in the strip, so that relevant information can be stored in them. However, the magnetic particles can only be useful if they are on the surface of the card, therefore this step is performed after the lamination.

3. Lamination: Essentially, lamination protects the card, and improves its strength. Lamination is done on both sides of the card.

4. Cutting and Embossing: After lamination, each sheet is cut into a set of cards. Each sheet gives a yield of around 63 cards. The sheet is first cut into seven sections longitudinally, and then each of the seven sections is cut into nine cards. Each card is now a separate credit card, and will be embossed with account numbers, and other information. The cards are now ready for shipment to the cardholders! Each card has to be of the premium quality. Customers cannot be given cards which will break or be damaged after a certain period of time. Key quality issues are linked with the compounding of plastic and color matching of the inks. The American National Standards Institute has a standard for plastic raw materials (ANSI specification x4.16-1973). Ingredients have to be correctly weighed, mixed and blended under the proper temperatures and other manufacturing conditions. Similarly, the molding process must be scrutinized to avoid flaws and defects, which could cause the cards to crack or rupture. The final quality check is to make sure the right numbers are stamped on the cards through the embossing process.

The many evolving technologies in this area will help create the credit cards with better quality and make them more cost effective in terms of manufacturing. New generations of credit cards might carry integrated computer chips, containing a variety of valuable information, making the card more useful, as well as secure.

Richard Gilliland Provides Expert opinions and reviews to help you Compare and Apply for a Credit Card - Compare Credit Card Offers with Credit-Wisdom.com - Unraveling the best in credit cards.

Ecommerce Credit Card Processing: The Fees

For the uninitiated ? and even for merchants who have owned an internet business for years - the wide array of credit card processing fees that can be incurred in the operation of an ecommerce store can be a bit bewildering.

In this article, we?ll discuss most of the costs involved in maintaining an internet merchant account. Note that these fees are in addition to what you may have to pay as an upfront fee for the software required in order to set up your ecommerce facility (these fees can range from $50 to $200 usually, although nowadays some providers waive this fee altogether). You may also have to pay for a shopping cart, although this service too is now sometimes packaged as a freebie when you set up the ecommerce facility.

Here are the fees that merchants can anticipate having to pay on an ongoing basis in order to process credit cards via their website:

The most significant monthly fee you?ll be charged is what is known as the Discount Rate ? a percentage of the dollar amount of every sale you process through your website. Limiting ourselves here to internet merchant accounts for US-based businesses in non-high risk industries, you can presently expect to pay between 2.19% and 2.40%.

In fact, discount rates call fall into 3 distinct categories: The lowest of these rates ? the range quoted above - and the most commonly applied, is the Qualified Discount Rate which in the context of ecommerce retailing is where your customer "keys" in the card information in his computer?s browser, and the information he provides concerning his billing address matches that in the bank?s records (?AVS match?). Some companies charge up to 10 cents per transaction for the AVS service.

On occasion however you may be charged a surcharge on top of that. The Mid-Qualified Discount Rate will be added to your normal discount rate where there is no AVS match (usually an additional .75% to 1.25%). And a further additional surcharge (the Non-Qualified Rate) of from 1.5% to 2% may be levied where your customer makes his purchase using a foreign-issued card or where the card was issued to a company or the government.

Most providers will charge you a Monthly Minimum ? this is the least amount you?ll have to pay for the discount rate charges in a month. This is often $15 to $25 ? so you?ll always pay at least that much, even if you don?t process at all during the month. You?ll also most likely have to pay a monthly Statement Fee, often around $8 to $15.

A Transaction Fee is almost always charged ? here you pay a set amount for each transaction you process on your website, regardless of the dollar amount. Usually this is in the 17 to 30 cent range.

The other standard monthly charge ? and this applies only to ecommerce processing ? is the Gateway Fee, generally in the $15 to $30/month range. This fee is to cover the costs of connecting your website software and shopping cart to the transaction processing system.

We don?t have the space here to go into all the other fees you may come across in operating your ecommerce business, but we?ll briefly mention three of them here:

? a Chargeback (often $20 to $40) whenever a customer has a dispute about what you charged him, or whether you delivered the goods or services promised.

? a Programming Fee, if you are switching from one provider to a different one.

? a Cancellation Fee, where you sign a long term agreement and want out early.

So as you can see, there are a lot of different costs you can be hit with when running your ecommerce business. So before you sign with any particular company, have them give you, in writing, a complete list of all the possible fees they might levy against you. It pays to shop around.

Colin Albert operates The Merchant Account Explorer website, which offers advice and recommendations for merchants looking for ecommerce credit card processing solutions. The service enables business owners to comparison shop for the most suitable internet merchant account for their particular needs.

Small Business Credit Card Processing

Credit card payment is one of the most popular payment options on the Internet. If you own a small business and do not have a merchant account, you might find it difficult to accept credit cards. However, it is advisable to find a means to accept credit cards on your website because it is the best way to expand your customer base. Moreover, the money transaction will take place within a week.

Small businesses can accept credit cards through 3rd party processors, who will handle the entire processing. For the small business community where cash flow is less or sometimes tight, this is a most welcome alternative. Credit card processing is not very cheap. A standard fee schedule for a small-volume account with less than 1,000 monthly transactions would be a start up fee of around $200, and monthly processing fees of $20.

If you have your own website, secure and encrypted connections are the foremost requirement you need for safe credit card processing. You should also have fraud prevention tools to prevent credit card scams.

Credit card processors whom small business owners can rely on are of several types; banks are the most dependable though. Third party credit card processing companies, independent sales organizations, financial service providers, etc. act as credit card processors. While there are several credit card processing companies, the two important factors that one should look at before setting up an agreement would be "price" and "customer service potentiality" of the credit card processors.

The merchant account provider you sign up with, might require an assurance that you have a thorough knowledge of your business environment, can identify the possible risks, know how to prevent or reduce fraud etc.

Credit Card Processing provides detailed information on Credit Card Processing, Online Credit Card Processing, Credit Card Processing Software, Wireless Credit Card Processing and more. Credit Card Processing is affiliated with Wireless Credit Card Terminals.

Credit Card Processing Terminals

Today, around 75% of customers choose credit cards to pay for online products and services. If an online firm doesn?t possess credit card payments facilities, surely it loses consumers and profits. Credit card payments are safe and secure, and also guarantee best customer service and convenience. Besides, these payments give more professional look to a business.

Manual credit card processing is very difficult task and also more time consuming. The finest choice is to computerize it. Different software provides a merchant account for instant processing, secure and encrypted secure socket layer (SSL) for safe transactions, and a web-based terminal from which to access your account.

Several different types of credit card processing terminals, also called Point of Sale (POS) terminals, are available in today's market. Terminal?s type and style depend upon the kind of business and style of credit card processing. Prices vary according to their functions and technology they use. Card readers with a small keypad and display are the most basic form of the POS. These are the most economical type of terminals.

Most merchants prefer a terminal without an attached printer, while retail merchants need a credit card processing terminal with an integrated printer. There are also wireless machines which are selected by many mobile businesses. These are more expensive, but processing volume supports their cost. A wireless credit card processing terminal is mainly used for business that continually changes their locations (e.g., nonprofits which rely on fundraising events for donations). Door-to-door salesmen, taxi cab drivers, and seasonal shop owners are other consumers of wireless terminals.

A credit card processing terminal first checks the customer?s card information. After that, it withdraws money for the purchase from his account and places it directly into the merchant account. Some terminals can handle several merchant accounts. Examples include Nurit 2085, Omni 3750, Nurit 3020, Omni 3740, and the Verifone Tranz 380x2. All terminals give retailers a fast, low-cost way to approve and process credit card sales. They also allow you reconfigure easily the existing terminals to work with your new merchant account.

Razal K Rasheed, I am a software engineer working with a reputed software firm located in Kerala, India. I am also doing the job of freelance SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and content writing jobs, which include website content, SEO content, press releases, news letters, articles, e-marketing pages, company brochures, blogs, training manuals, and all editing services. Email

Free Credit Card Processing for Business Owners

Would you like to upgrade your company’s operations by taking advantage of free credit card processing for business owners? There has never been a better time to locate banks offering this service and make the best possible deal for your interests. Financial institutions are eager to work with you in opening a merchant account, and they sometimes offer attractive incentives to get entrepreneurs’ business. If you like the idea of free credit card processing, start shopping at your community banks and credit unions to see what type of deals they can offer.

Free credit card processing for business owners is an attractive perk, since some companies impose fees of perhaps 15 to 25 cents per transaction or a monthly percentage fee overall of between 1% and 2%. Being able to get free credit card processing for business owners could save you a significant sum of money each month, and over time, those savings could increase even more. Your customers will love the ease with which they can make online credit card payments, and you will appreciate the time-saving benefits of handling credit payments electronically rather than by employees who require regular paychecks.

It is a good idea to sit down with your financial institution and discuss the precise terms of the free credit card processing for business owners deal. Will you have to pay an application fee? Will annual membership fees come due each year? Are there other embedded costs that you should know about up front? Even if your credit card processing is free, other start-up expenses could add up to cost even more than the transactions would. You will want to make the best possible deal before signing an application or contract to be sure you don’t get trapped into paying unexpected high costs later.

Keep in mind that free credit card processing for business owners may not be the best perk to ask for when applying for a merchant account. In addition to start-up fees that could be imposed and perhaps increased in lieu of the free credit card processing option, you also may have to pay expenses like a statement fee, a minimum fee, a discount fee, and a license fee. These could add up initially to more than you will pay for transaction fees. Even if the free credit card processing option appears to save you money at first, is this a limited time offer? When reinstated later, will transaction fees be difficult to add to the company budget since you did not start the process with them?

You might want to get a second opinion on weighing the benefits offered with various merchant account deals. You could even ask the customers via an informal survey about the type of credit processing they are most interested in and then see how promotional offers for opening a merchant account may impact customer interests. Of course, you can always check out the benefits of paying no transactions costs, and if permissible, switch to another system later if costs increase more than expected with free credit card processing for business owners.

Shane Penrod is the founder of http://www.Merchant-Account-Quotes.com Specializing in allowing merchants the ability to shop and compare multiple quotes from national merchant account providers. For free quotes on merchant account rates and fees, please go to http://www.merchant-account-quotes.com